CHAPTER SIX: NUCLEAR WEAPONS ISSUES
Arms Control and Disarmament
The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) and the On-Site Inspection Agency (OSIA) maintain extensive information repositories, as do the arms control programs at Argonne, Los
Alamos, Livermore, and Sandia Laboratories. Appendix A: Nuclear and Arms Control Treaties and Agreements is also a handy reference to online treaties, fact sheets and background information.
The Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Web
http://kiwi.dep.anl.gov/dis/E&L.html
Maintained by the Argonne Laboratory Decision
and Information Sciences Division.
Arms Control Activities Schedule (On-Site Inspection
Agency)
http://www.osia.mil/schedule.html
List maintained by the joint service Pentagon
agency that oversees inspections for several arms control treaties
and agreements.
Department of State Arms Control Homepage
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/index.html
Speeches, fact sheet, and press conferences.
Nonproliferation and Arms Control (NPAC) Technology
Working Group (TWG)
http://www.dtic.mil/npac/
Established by the President to coordinate research
and development in NPAC, with members from a dozen Departments
and Agencies.
Non-Governmental Commissions and Reports
Like the various policy studies mentioned above, an increasing number of think tanks and quasi-governmental commissions are examining the future of nuclear weapons, and making their
results available online in fulltext. See also the ruling of, and reactions to, the World Court on the legality of nuclear weapons.
An Evolving U.S. Nuclear Posture, 19 December 1995
http://www.stimson.org/pub/stimson/zeronuke/index.html
Report of the Steering Committee of the Project on Eliminating Weapons of Mass Destruction sponsored by the Stimson Center and chaired by retired General Andrew J. Goodpaster.
Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, August 1996
http://www.dfat.gov.au/dfat/cc/cchome.html
The Australian government-sponsored commission created in November 1995.
Statement of retired General Lee Butler, former Commander, Strategic Air Command to the State of the World Forum, San Francisco, 3 October 1996
http://www.arq.co.uk/worldforum/sacspeech.html
Canberra Commission member in support of eliminating nuclear weapons.
Statement of retired General Lee Butler, 8 January 1997
http://www.arq.co.uk/worldforum/butler4.html
Joint Statement on Reduction of Nuclear Weapons Arsenals, December 1996
http://www.stimson.org/pub/stimson/rd-table/generals/index.html
Presentations by retired Generals Lee Butler (USAF) and Andrew J. Goodpaster (USA), at National Press Club, 4 December 1996, sponsored by the World Forum. The Stimson Center site has the text of the presentations and related articles and documents.
Nuclear Testing: Summary and Conclusions, August 1995
http://www.stimson.org/pub/stimson/rd-table/jasons.htm
Report of the "Jason's" advisory committee chaired by Dr. Sidney Drell.
The Proposed Fissile-Material Production Cutoff: Next Steps (RAND)
http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR586.1.html
Summary of 1995 report.
ABM Treaty and Ballistic Missile Defense
The Federation of American Scientists follows closely
and documents developments relating to ballistic missile defense
at http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/index.html.
Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO)
http://www.acq.osd.mil/bmdo/bmdolink/html/bmdolink.html
The successor to the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) created by President Reagan.
Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) (Air Force)
http://www.spacecom.af.mil/person/hq_afspc/hpafspc.htm
http://www.spacecom.af.mil/hqafspc/index.htm
Space and Strategic Defense Command (Army)
http://www.ssdc.army.mil/
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) (Navy)
http://www.spawar.navy.mil/
http://www.nosc.mil/spawar/welcome.page
US Space Command (SPACECOM)
http://www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace/index.htm
Defend America Act of 1996 (H.R. 3144), 16 May 1996
http://www.house.gov/nsc/hr3144c.pdf
A bill to establish U.S. policy to deploy a national missile defense system. Text as reported by the House National Security Committee. The Committee Report is located at http://www.house.gov/nsc/hr3144hr.pdf.
National Missile Defense Deployment Readiness Program "3+3" (DOD)
http://www.stimson.org/pub/stimson/coalition/whitelet.htm
Text of letter and White Paper from Deputy Secretary of Defense John P. White to Representative John Spratt, 5 June 1996.
National Missile Defense -- The Minuteman Option (Air Force)
http://www.af.mil/pubs/nmdwhite.html
An Air Force White Paper proposing using Minuteman missiles as interceptors.
National Missile Defense: The Current Debate (CRS Report)
http://www.cdi.org/~nukenerd/issues/spa/bmdcrs.html
Text of the CRS Report Number 96-441F by Steven A. Hildreth, 7 June 1996, courtesy of CDI.
Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB) and Nuclear Testing
Nuclear testing-related resources proliferated on
the Internet in 1995-1996 with deliberations regarding conclusion
of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The Stimson Center maintains
an excellent CTB Treaty homepage with links to web pages, texts,
as well as various news reports.
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA)
http://www.acda.gov/ctbt.htm
Chronology of key events during the Clinton administration
leading to a CTB along with the text of the Treaty.
Department of Energy CTBT Research and Development
Homepage
http://www.ctbt.rnd.doe.gov/ctbt/index.html
Extensive resources on the technical aspects of
verifying a CTBT using seismic, radionuclide, hydroacoustic, infrasound,
and space-based monitoring.
Department of State
http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/
Addresses, fact sheets and statements about the
CTBT.
Los Alamos CTBT Homepage
http://www.geophysics.lanl.gov/ctbt.html
Brief account of how Los Alamos supports verfying
a CTB through seismic detection.
Sandia (Cooperative Monitoring Center)
http://www.ctbt.rnd.doe.gov/
Attractive site with links to Sandia resources
on verification.
UN Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Homepage
http://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/cda/ctbt/ctbt.htm
Devoted to United Nations documentaion of the
CTBT.
USIA Comprehensive Test Ban Homepage
http://www.usia.gov/topical/pol/ctbt/design.htm
A handy compilation of fact sheets, speeches,
statements and the like from several government departments.
Listings of Nuclear Tests
U.S. Nuclear Testing
http://www.nv.doe.gov/history/nuclear.htm
Comprehensive listing of U.S. nuclear tests from
1945-1992 arranged by date, location, and purpose, with over 85
online photographs.
AGSO Searchable Database on Monitoring Nuclear Explosions
http://www.agso.gov.au/information/structure/isd/database/nukes.html
Australian Geological Survey Organization locational
database of seismic data.
Catalog of Nuclear Explosions
gopher://wealaka.okgeosurvey1.gov:70/11/nuke.cat
Gopher chronological listing of basic data about
worldwide nuclear testing based on DOE public announcements and
published data.
U.S.-Russian Nuclear Relations
Newly Independent States of the Former USSR Homepage (Department of State)
http://www.state.gov/www/regions/nis/nishome.html
Speeches, testimony, briefings on the NIS by U.S.
officials with fact sheets and reports.
Commonwealth of Independent States Conversion Activities
Homepage (Department of Commerce)
http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/bisnis.html
Business opportunities presented by the Department
of Commerce.
Gore-Chernomyrden Commission Homepage
http://www.eia.doe.gov/gorec/
The full resource of the U.S.-Russian Joint Commission
on Economic and Technological Cooperation, with links to all key
agreements and reports.
Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program
The U.S. government program to provide assistance
to the states of the former Soviet Union in fulfilling arms control
obligations and ensuring the safety and security of nuclear weapons
and materials is well represented on the Internet.
The Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
http://www1.whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/forum/html/ctr.html
White Paper prepared for the White House Forum
on the Role of Science and Technology in Promoting National Security
and Global Stability, 29-30 March 1995.
Cooperative Threat Reduction Homepage (DOD)
http://www.dtic.mil/defenselink/pubs/ctr/
Evidently defunct website containing background
information with selected speeches, DOD releases, and photo gallery.
Russian Nuclear Forces and Activities
Conflict Studies Research Centre (Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst)
gopher://gopher.nato.int/11/secdef/csrc
Established as the Soviet Studies Research Centre
to analyze Soviet military philosophy and practice. The name
changed in 1993. Extensive publications online.
Russian and East European Studies: WWW Virtual Library
http://www.pitt.edu/~cjp/rees.html
A well-maintained index of resources sponsored
by the Center for Russian and East European studies of the University
of Pittsburgh.
Ex-USSR Nuclear Technologies & the World
(EUNT&W)
http://www.ida.net/users/pbmck/xsovnuc/exs_top.htm
Focused directory relating to impact and policy
issues of the former Soviet Union and nuclear technologies.
Russian Aviation Page
http://aeroweb.lucia/it/~agretch/RAP.html
Part of an Italian website devoted to aviation
and aeronautics.
State of the Russian Navy Data Page
http://webcom.com/~amraam/rnav.html
A Yale Law School student's effort to keep abreast
of the Russian Navy.
WWW Servers in Russia
http://www.npi.msu.su/RUS-other-WWW.html
Covers research, educational, government, and
commercial organizations in Russia.
Russian Nuclear Facilities
Chelyabinsk-70 Homepage
http://www.ch70.chel.su
One of Russia's two nuclear weapons design institutes.
Institute for High Energy Physics (Protvino)
http://www.ihep.su/
Leading Russian center in elementary particle physics.
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) (Dubna)
http://www.jinr.dubna.su/
Extensive and well maintained.
Kurchatov Institute Homepage (Moscow)
http://www.kiae.ru
http://polyn.net.kiae.su/kiae/docs/main.htm
Moscow Power Engineering Institute
http://www.mpei.ac.ru
In Russian.
Obninsk Homepage
http://www-cisa.lanl.gov/IPPE/home.html
St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (Gatchina)
http://www.pnpi.spb.ru
http://rec03.pnpi.spb.ru/web/home.html
Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (Moscow State
University)
http://www.npi.msu.su/
Export Controls
Department of Commerce Bureau of Export Administration
http://www.primenet.com/~bxawest
Bureau of Export Administration File Repository
ftp://ftp.fedworld.gov/pub/bxa/bxa.htm
Export regulations, news and data on countries denied export privileges, and official export control documents.
The Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL)
http://www.dtic.mil/mctl/
June 1996 compendium of "the technologies
the DOD assesses as critical to maintaining superior United States
military capabilities," including nuclear systems and weapons
effects.
ORNL High Risk Property Check List
http://www.ornl.gov/risk/risk.html
Nuclear Weapons Free Zones
Online information on concluded nuclear free zone
treaties (i.e., African, Latin American, South Pacific) is contained
in Appendix A: Nuclear and Arms Control Treaties and Agreements.
Middle East Nuclear Free Zone Treaty
http://www.iaea.or.at/GC/gc3920.html
Application of IAEA Safeguards in the Middle East,
17 August 1995 report by the Director General of the IAEA.
Southeast East Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone
(SEANWFZ)
http://www.asean.or.id/politics/pol_agr7.htm
Prospective text of ASEAN agreement.
Verification
Airborne Multisensor Pod System (AMPS)
http://merlin.amps.gov:2080/
DOE aerial data collection program.
Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC)
http://www.aftac.gov/
Air Force organization responsible for monitoring
nuclear testing worldwide through operation of the Atomic Energy
Detection System (AEDS).
National Data Center (AFTAC)
http://www.tt.aftac.gov/overview.html
The NDC supports the U.S. government's effort
to monitor and verify a CTB thru collecting and providing geophysical
data.
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty International Data
Center Prototype (DOD)
http://www.cdidc.org:65120/index.html
DOD project to support CTBT global monitoring
and verification center.
Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program
http://www.osia.mil/dtirp/index.html
OSIA-produced homepage covering the arms control
inspection readiness and security countermeasures, including INF,
START and Open Skies.
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